Glycemic Index and its relation to Diabetes

Glycemic Index and its relation to Diabetes

Diabetes, characterized by above-normal blood sugar, has reached epidemic proportions. In the India, afflicting almost 50 million Indians according to International Diabetes Federation. Most have type 2diabetes, prompted by two very conditions: excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle.

 

The diabetes can be prevented by balancing you regular diet. The most preferred way to know the GI (Glycemic index) of your food which you take.

What is the Glycemic Index of food?

The Glycemic Index (GI) is a scale that ranks carbohydrate-rich foods by how much they raise blood glucose levels compared to a standard food. The standard food is glucose or white bread.

"The beauty of the glycemic index for diabetics is that it not only helps control blood sugar and insulin, but its appetite-suppressing effects help them lose weight. And weight loss alone can reverse type 2 diabetes," Although it is believe to be entirely possible to induce remission of many cases of type 2 diabetes using the glycemic index. Many of the research have been done on GI of the food. The low GI food proven to be healthier option than high GI food.

Foods are given a rating from 0 –100 on the glycemic index with glucose in the highest position. High Glycemic Index foods (such as simple carbohydrates) will increase the body’s sugar levels rapidly whereas low glycemic index foods will increase the body’s sugar levels slowly. A good understanding of the glycemic index can assist in weight loss and help control diabetes.

Generally classification of GI is done as follow:

·         LOW GI (55 or Less)

·         Medium GI (56-69)

·         HIGH GI (70 or More)

How Does the Glycemic Index work?
The glycemic index is complicated and cannot be generalized to all people. Different people will have different reactions to food. The body’s response to food will relate to several factors including; age, activity level, insulin levels, time of day, amount of fiber and fat in the food, how refined (processed) the food is, and what was eaten with the food. In addition to this, other factors such as the ratio of carbohydrates to fat and protein as well as how the food was cooked (eg. Boiled compared to fried or baked) and metabolism will determine the way your body’s sugar level responds after eating. Foods that have a low glycemic index will have little effect on the body’s sugar levels. Comparatively, foods that have a high glycemic index will have an instant affect on blood sugar levels. Ratings on the glycemic index have resulted from numerous studies; however, individuals should test their own reactions to food in relation to the glycemic index.

The Glycemic Index and Food
Foods low on the glycemic index will release glucose gradually into the blood stream whereas foods high on the glycemic index will provoke an immediate response in the blood sugar levels. Foods that contain carbohydrates are usually high on the glycemic index and have the greatest effect on blood sugars. Pasta dishes, bread and potatoes are usually high on the glycemic index. The composition in the carbohydrate will also affect how the body’s sugar levels react. For example, white bread will rate high on the glycemic index whereas wholegrain or rye bread will be rate lower on the glycemic index as it contains more grains and contains complex carbohydrates. Examples of low glycemic foods are breakfast cereals (which are based on wheat bran, barley and oats), wholegrain break, fruit, lentils, soybeans, baked beans etc. Examples of high glycemic foods are white bread, soft drinks, full fat ice-cream, chocolate bars etc.

The Glycemic Index and Dieting
Health experts and dieticians contest that the glycemic index is difficult to use because it is complicated and

will vary from person to person. They do concede however, that the glycemic index is a useful meal-planning tool especially when individuals monitor their own individual responses to foods. Low glycemic food is especially helpful in assisting those who want to lose weight. Low glycemic index foods will increase the sugar levels in the body to sustain energy levels for longer periods of time. This means an individual will feel less inclined to eat because energy is being slowly released into their bloodstream. A good understanding of the glycemic index will also assist with exercise. If you exercise then eating high glycemic foods will help you recover from your workout. Specifically, faster carbohydrates that are high on the glycemic index are great for raising low blood sugars after intense exercising whereas low glycemic index foods are helpful in maintaining blood sugar levels for long periods of exercise. Health experts encourage using the glycemic index in conjunction with other meal programs to assist in managing diabetes and/or controlling weight.

Eating foods with a low Glycemic Index may help you to:

·         Control your blood glucose level

·         Control your cholesterol level

·         Control your appetite

·         Lower your risk of getting heart disease

·         Lower your risk of getting type 2 diabetes

Use these meal planning ideas to include the Glycemic Index as part of healthy eating.

·         Enjoy vegetables, fruits and low-fat milk products with your meals.

·         These are carbohydrate-rich foods that, in general, have low glycemic index.

·         Plan your meals with foods in the low and medium Glycemic Index starch choices on the list that follows.

·         Try foods such as barley, bulgur, couscous, or lentils, which have a low Glycemic Index.

·         Consult a registered dietitian for help with choosing low GI foods, adapting recipes, and other ways to incorporate low GI in your meal plan

Following are the food list which diabetic patient follow and also the normal person to prevent the diabetes:

Junk food:- Many of us savor on junk food because of the convenience and taste. The junk food is often

taken by any second individual. Most of the individuals rely only on street junk food. Pizza, burger and Indian junk foods like pav bhaji, vadapaav etc are commonly indulged by every other second person in India. Many people have noticed that pizza seems to keep their blood glucose level high longer than just about any other food. While the reason remains a mystery, this folk wisdom now has scientific confirmation. The GI for Pizza with regular size notice to have 78 GI index which is very high. And junk foods like burger,pav bhaji and vadapav also has high index. So the diabetic patient should avoid junk food at all.

Rice and Potatoes

Rice and potatoes are some of the foods most tested for their glycemic indexes. They are important both because most of us tend to eat a lot of rice and potatoes. They can have a high glycemic index. Most of the studies found out GI for rice ranged all the way from 54 to 132 and for potatoes from 67 to 158.

The only whole (intact) grain food with a high G.I. factor is low amylose rice, such as Calrose rice...However, some varieties of rice (Basmati, a long grain fragrant rice), have intermediate G.I. factors because they have a higher amylose content than normal rice.
Brown rice has a lower glycemic index than white rice, everything else being equal. Therefore brown long-grain rice—or if you can find it—brown Basmati rice—will probably have a lower glycemic index. White Basmati rice had a glycemic index of 83 in one study. Brown Basmati rice can be expected to have a somewhat lower index, but we don't know precisely what it is, because the studies haven't been done yet.
Among potatoes, new and some white potatoes have the lowest indexes. The reason that new potatoes have a lower GI is probably because most of the amylopectin (polymer of glucose found in plants) is less branched—it is more like amylose (polymer of d- glucose) at this immature stage.
Sweets:

In India every happy occasion is complimented with sweets and the regular intake of “India’s most favorite
beverage” Tea which is consumed at least 3 to 4 times a day. The dairy product are known to have high GI index and plus intake of sucrose in the form of sweets and sweet beverages makes the condition worst. The milk products generally have the GI index in between 45 to 65 range. The chocolates also has higher GI index 50 plus, but the GI index of the chocolates also depends on the type of chocolates and chocolate desserts.

Lack of fruits and vegetables in diet:    

The vegetables and fruits should be included in the diet. They are not only healthier option as well as Fruits and vegetables are essential in ensuring balance diet and they also help patients to avoid excess fat and proteins. By having some fruits and veggies, they may not have to take nutrition supplements. Taking plenty of fruits and vegetables would ensure that your body gets plenty of anti-oxidants. Fiber rich fruits don’t only helps to clean the system but also known to have low GI index. Therefore one should incorporate them in to their regular diet.

Following are the list food categories with GI indexes which can help you to get to the healthy diet.

Foods category:

White bread: 70

Whole meal bread: 69

Soybeans: 18

Baked beans (canned): 48

Cornflakes: 84

Chocolate: 49

Fruits:

Apple: 38

Orange: 44

Peach: 42

Banana: 55

Watermelone: 72

Dairy products:

Milk, full fat: 27

Milk,skim: 32

Icecream, full fat: 61

Yogurt, Low fat: 33

Softdrinks: 65 to 78

Healthy eating also means: 

• ·         Eating at regular times
• ·         Choosing a variety of foods from all food groups
• ·         Limiting sugars and sweets
• ·         Reducing the amount of fat you eat
• ·         Including foods high in fiber
• ·         Limiting salt, alcohol and caffeine

Remember that checking your blood glucose before and 2 hours after a meal is the best way to know how your body handles the meal

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1.      Gymnema sylvestre…………………………… 100 mg

2.      Pterocarpus marsupium………………………95 mg

3.      Emblica offcinalis……………………………  75 mg

4.      Ericostemma littorale………………………  50 mg

5.      Eugenia jambolana Syn. Syzygium cumini-30 mg

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Pterocarpus marsupium has been used in support of blood sugar metabolism for a very long time. One study has shown specific support for the beta cells which get worn out in Type 2. Flavonoid fraction from Pterocarpus marsupium has been shown to cause pancreatic beta cell regranulation .Marsupin, pterosupin and liquiritigenin obtained from this plant showed antihyperlipidemic activity. (−) Epicatechin, its active principle, has been found to be insulinogenic, enhancing insulin release and conversion of proinsulin to insulin in vitro. Like insulin, (−) epicatechin stimulates oxygen uptake in fat cells and tissue slices of various organs, increases glycogen content in a dose-dependent manner.

Emblica Officinalis:- E. officinalis is being used in several indigenous medical preparations against a variety of conditions such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. E. officinalis extract (EOE) and quercetin has been reported to possess cytoprotective effects on account of its antioxidant activity by reducing lipid peroxidation. EOE significantly scavenges superoxide as well as inhibits its generation. The extract of E. officinalis seeds has definite hypoglycemic potential as well as anti-diabetic activity. The extracts of Embilicahelp to reduce blood sugar level.

Ericostemma littorale:- Ericostema littrale has been used as traditional herbal medicine in treatment of diabetes.The extract of ericostemma helps to maintain the equilibrium of blood sugar glucose.It also increases the insulin sensitivity It helps to glycemic control and in the antioxidant defense system and as well due to improvement in the Na-K ATPase activity.

Eugenia jambolana: - Eugania jambolana has some inorganic trace elements possess antidiabetic properties. the extract of the Eugania also helps in regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells which are damaged by the disease.It also helps to reduce the high density lipoprotein (HDL) which significantly increases during diabetic condition.

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What does DBC 24 work in combating diabetes?

DBC 24 increases secretion of insulin by increasing the cAMP content of the islets which is associated with the increased insulin release and conversion of proinsulin to insulin.

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Dosage:

The recommended dosage is 2 tablets twice daily before meals.

Side Effects:

DBC 24 is made of pure and natural herbs; it assures complete safety and is absolutely free of side effects.

Proven clinical efficacy:

Effect of trial drugs on Fasting Blood Sugar Level:

At the end of treatment, there was 13.3% reduction in mean fasting blood sugar level was observed after 3 months of treatment.

Effect of trial drugs on Postprandial Blood Sugar Level (mg/dl):

At the end of treatment, there was 12.87% fall in blood sugar in postprandial blood sugar.

Effect of trial drugs on mean serum insulin level:

At the end of treatment, there was 25.2% increase in mean serum insulin level from baseline value to the end of study value.

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